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xanthophyll
Xanthophylls (originally phylloxanthins) are yellow pigments that occur widely in nature and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes. The name is from Greek ''xanthos'' (ξανθός, "yellow") and ''phyllon'' (φύλλον, "leaf"), due to their formation of the yellow band seen in early chromatography of leaf pigments.
==Molecular structure==
The molecular structure of xanthophylls is similar to that of carotenes, but xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms, while ''carotenes'' are purely hydrocarbons with no oxygen. Xanthophylls contain their oxygen either as hydroxyl groups and/or as pairs of hydrogen atoms that are substituted by oxygen atoms acting as a bridge (epoxide). For this reason, they are more polar than the purely hydrocarbon carotenes, and it is this difference that allows their separations from carotenes in many types of chromatography. Typically, carotenes are more orange in color than xanthophylls.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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