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xyloglucan
Xyloglucan is a hemicellulose that occurs in the primary cell wall of all vascular plants; however, essential enzymes for xyloglucan metabolism, like XTH and β1→4-Glucan Synthase are found in Charophyceae algae.〔LEV Del Bem and M Vincentz (2010) Evolution of xyloglucan-related genes. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'', 10:340, 1-17〕 In many dicotyledonous plants, it is the most abundant hemicellulose in the primary cell wall.〔SC Fry (1989) The structure and functions of xyloglucan. ''Journal of Experimental Biology'', 40, 1-11〕 Xyloglucan binds to the surface of cellulose microfibrils and may link them together. It is the substrate of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, which cuts and ligates xyloglucans, as a means of integrating new xyloglucans into the cell wall. It is also thought to be the substrate of alpha-expansin, which promotes cell wall enlargement.
==Chemistry==
Xyloglucan has a backbone of β1→4-linked glucose residues, most of which are substituted with 1-6 linked xylose sidechains. The xylose residues are often capped with a galactose residue sometimes followed by a fucose residue. The specific structure of xyloglucan differs between plant families.
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