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Yeshiva (; (ヘブライ語:ישיבה), lit. "sitting"; pl. ישיבות, ''yeshivot'') is a Jewish institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and Torah study. Study is usually done through daily ''shiurim'' (lectures or classes) and in study pairs called ''chavrutas'' (Aramaic for "friendship" or "companionship"). ''Chavruta''-style learning is one of the unique features of the yeshiva. In the United States and Israel, the different levels of yeshiva education have different names. In the United States, elementary-school students are enrolled in a ''yeshiva'', post-bar mitzvah-age students learn in a ''metivta'', and undergraduate-level students learn in a ''beit midrash'' or ''yeshiva gedola'' ((ヘブライ語:ישיבה גדולה), lit. "large yeshiva" or "great yeshiva"). In Israel, elementary-school students are enrolled in a ''Talmud Torah'' or ''cheder'', post-bar mitzvah-age students learn in a ''yeshiva ketana'' ((ヘブライ語:ישיבה קטנה), lit. "small yeshiva" or "minor yeshiva"), and high-school-age students learn in a ''yeshiva gedola''. A kollel is a yeshiva for married men. It is common for a kollel to pay a token stipend to its students. Students of Lithuanian and Hasidic yeshiva gedolas usually learn in yeshiva until they get married. Historically, yeshivas were attended by males only. Today, all non-Orthodox and a few Modern Orthodox yeshivas are open even to females. Although there is no lack of schools for Orthodox women and girls,〔http://matzav.com/sarah-schenirer-ah-the-mother-of-the-bais-yaakov-movement-on-her-yahrtzeit-today-26-adar〕 yeshivas for women do not follow the same structure or curriculum as the traditional yeshiva for boys and men. ==Etymology== Alternate spellings and names include yeshivah (; (ヘブライ語:ישיבה), "sitting" (noun); metivta and mesivta ( ''methivta''); Beth midrash, Talmudical Academy, Rabbinical Academy; and Rabbinical School. The word ''(yeshiva )'', lit. "sitting", is applied to the activity of learning in class, and hence to a learning "session."〔"Session", in fact, similarly derives from the Latin ''sedere'', "to sit."〕 The transference in meaning of the term from the learning session to the institution itself appears to have occurred by the time of the great Talmudic Academies in Babylonia, Sura and Pumbedita, which were known as ''shte ha-yeshivot'', "the two colleges." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「yeshiva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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