|
''Zarzuela'' ((:θarˈθwela)) is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance. The etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of a Royal hunting lodge, the ''Palacio de la Zarzuela'' near Madrid, where, allegedly, this type of entertainment was first presented to the court.〔Joan Corominas, Breve Dicionario Etimológico de la Lengua Castellana, Tercera Edición, 1980: Zarzuela, princ. S. XVII: el nombre de esta representación lírico-dramática viene, según algunos, del Real Sitio de la Zarzuela, donde se representaría la primera, pero la historia del vocablo no se ha averiguado bien y en su primera aparición es nombre de una danza.〕 The palace was named after the place called "La Zarzuela" because of the profusion of brambles (zarzas) that grew there, and so the festivities held within the walls became known as "Zarzuelas". There are two main forms of ''zarzuela'': Baroque ''zarzuela'' (c. 1630–1750), the earliest style, and Romantic ''zarzuela'' (c. 1850–1950), which can be further divided into two. Main subgenres are ''género grande'' and ''género chico'', although other sub-divisions exist. ''Zarzuela'' spread to the Spanish colonies, and many Hispanic countries – notably Cuba – developed their own traditions. There is also a strong tradition in the Philippines where it is also known as ''sarswela/sarsuela''.〔(ilocandiatreasures.com )〕 Other regional and linguistic variants in Spain include the Basque ''zartzuela'' and the Catalan ''sarsuela''. A masque-like musical theatre had existed in Spain since the time of Juan del Encina. The ''zarzuela'' genre was innovative in giving a dramatic function to the musical numbers, which were integrated into the argument of the work. Dances and choruses were incorporated as well as solo and ensemble numbers, all to orchestral accompaniment. ==Baroque ''zarzuela''== In 1657 at the Royal Palace of ''El Prado'', King Philip IV of Spain, Queen Mariana and their court attended the first performance of a new comedy by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, with music by Juan Hidalgo de Polanco. ''El Laurel de Apolo'' (The Laurels of Apollo) traditionally symbolises the birth of a new musical genre that had become known as ''La Zarzuela''. Like Calderón de la Barca's earlier ''El golfo de las sirenas'' (''The Sirens' Gulf'', 1657), ''El Laurel de Apolo'' mixed mythological verse drama with operatic solos, popular songs and dances. The characters in these early, baroque ''zarzuelas'' were a mixture of gods, mythological creatures and rustic or pastoral comedy characters; Antonio de Literes's popular ''Acis y Galatea'' (1708) is yet another example. Unlike some other operatic forms, there were spoken interludes, often in verse. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「zarzuela」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|