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zemlyanka
Zemlyanka (Russian or (ウクライナ語:Землянка), (ポーランド語:ziemianka)) — is an Eastern Slavic name for a dugout or ''earth-house'' which was used to provide shelter for humans or domestic animals. Based on a hole or depression dug into the ground, these structures are one of the most ancient types of housing known. Zemlyankas can be partially or fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered with branches or sod, or dug into a hillside. The use of natural earth for insulation and protection for underground living has evolved into the "earth shelter" technology used today in architecture.
== World War II ==
In World War II, partisans, or armed resistance fighters in Eastern Europe sometimes lived in zemlyankas which were used as underground bunkers to provide shelter and a hiding place from enemies. Notably they were used by members of the famous "Bielski partisans" in modern day Belarus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virtual Zemlyanka )〕 In Poland they were called ''ziemianki''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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