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''Zhuangyuan'' (; pinyin: ''zhuàngyuan''), variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus,〔 *〕 was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Chinese imperial examinations.〔萧源锦，《狀元史話》，重庆出版社，1992，ISBN 7-5366-1648-1〕 In modern Chinese, zhuangyuan is used to refer to anyone who achieves the highest mark on a test, or, more generally, to anyone who is at the forefront of his or her field.〔《现代汉语词典》，商务印书馆，第五版，ISBN 7-100-04385-9〕 Fu Shanxiang is known as the first (and last) female zhuangyuan ''(nü zhuangyuan'') in Chinese history, but under the Taiping Tianguo, not the regular imperial exams. After the Taipings captured the city of Nanjing, they offered an exam for women in January 1853 in which Fu attained the highest score. ==Statistics== In total, there were 596 zhuangyuan.〔萧源锦，《狀元史話》，重庆出版社，1992，ISBN 7-5366-1648-1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「zhuangyuan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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