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Zvonnitsa ((ロシア語:''звонница''); (ウクライナ語:''дзвіниця''), ''dzvinytsia''; (ポーランド語:dzwonnica parawanowa); (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():zvoniţă)) is a large rectangular structure containing multiple arches or beams that carry bells, where bell ringers stand on its base level and perform the ringing using long ropes, like playing on a kind of giant musical instrument. It was an alternative to bell tower in Russian, Polish and Romanian medieval architectural tradition. Zvonnitsa was an architectural form especially widespread in architecture of Pskov. In general, it was used in the Russian architecture of the 14th-17th centuries. Sometimes zvonnitsa was mounted right atop the church building, resulting in the special type of church called ''pod zvonom'' ((ロシア語:''под звоном''), "under ringing") or ''izhe pod kolokoly'' ((ロシア語:''иже под колоколы''), "under bells"). The most famous example of such kind of a church is the Church of St. Ivan of the Ladder adjacent to Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Moscow Kremlin. Polish word ''Dzwonnica (:pl:Dzwonnica)'' means any type of a bell tower, while the rectangular architectural construction with apertures for bells is referred to as ''dzwonnica parawanowa''. ==External links== * (Zvonnitsa ) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia * (Zvonnitsa in Architectural dictionnary ) * (Zhuravlev Yu. V. Zvonnitsa of Sophia Cathedral ) * (A. G. Melnik. About zvonnitsa of Borisoglebsky Monastery ) * (Churches Under Bells ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「zvonnitsa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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