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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Ålvik ： ウィキペディア英語版 Ålvik Ålvik is a village in the municipality of Kvam in Hordaland county, Norway. The village "urban area" consists of the settlements of Ytre Ålvik og Indre Ålvik (outer and inner Ålvik) and Vikadal. The settlements are located on either side of a ridge with Vikadal in between. Indre Ålvik has been heavily industrialised since the early 1900s, when Bjølvefossen A/S was established.〔 The village lies along the Ålvik bay on the northern shore of the Hardangerfjord. The village has a population (2013) of 488, giving the village a population density of . Ålvik Church is located in the village. == History == The name "Ålvik" is probably derived from Old Norse word ''ǫlr'' which means "alder" and the word ''vik'' which means "bay".〔Brekke (ed.), side 368.〕 The settlement here dates back at least to 600-700 BC, as documented by bronze artifacts found in the Vikedal area.〔Brekke (ed.), p369.〕 In medieval times, Ålvik belonged to the estates of Norheim in Norheimsund.〔Brekke (ed.),p371.〕 The foundations for Indre Ålvik as an industrial district were laid in 1905, when Bjølvefossen A/S was incorporated to exploit the Bjølvo waterfalls for hydroelectric energy.〔Martin Byrkjeland:'Spelet om Bjølvefossen' (game about Bjølvefossen ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), pp18-19.〕 In 1907, the village still had only 74 inhabitants, as little activity took place until Bjølvefossen A/S was sold to Elektrokemisk A/S in 1913. After this, construction of the Bjølvefossen hydroelectric plant commenced. The construction was however stalled due to concession disputes, as it was claimed that the work on the plant had begun before Norwegian escheat laws had been put in force in 1907. The disputes were solved in 1916 and both the plant and factories were completed by 1919, producing calcium carbide for a brief time. The village's population briefly rose by 500 workers, but most left shortly thereafter, as financial problems and an accident destroying the pipelines that supplied water from the hydroelectric reservoir brought production to a halt. This forced Bjølvefossen A/S to default on large loans.〔Martin Byrkjeland:'Spelet om Bjølvefossen' (game about Bjølvefossen ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), pp27-32.〕 Large-scale production was only resumed in 1928, when, after the pledgees had established contact with C. Tennant's Sons & Co., Bjølvefossen A/S was given major sales contracts for ferrosilicon to the British steel industry, in an effort to open a price war with the European ferrosilicon syndicate.〔Martin Byrkjeland:'Spelet om Bjølvefossen' (game about Bjølvefossen ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), pp36-40.〕 Production was briefly hit by the Great depression, but quickly rebounded and a production line for ferrochrome was established in 1934, the same year that the company saw its first profit.〔Martin Byrkjeland:'Spelet om Bjølvefossen' (game about Bjølvefossen ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p40.〕 Ålvik gained a road connection to Bergen in 1937, when the Fyksesund Bridge was opened.〔Brekke (ed.), p88.〕 Nearly all of the village's infrastructure was owned by Bjølvefossen A/S for a long time, to a great extent making it a company town, and it was a separate regulatory area until 1965.〔'Her på stedet' (this place ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p152.〕 In the 1950s several new furnaces for production of ferrochrome and ferrosilicon were installed.〔Jørund Falnes:'De lunefulle ovnene' (capricious furnaces ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p94.〕 During the 1960s, Bjølvefossen struggled to remain competitive, yet was able to invest in new production facilities on both production lines. In the 1970s, however, new technology in steel production reduced demand for the low-carbon ferrochrome that was produced. Government environmental regulations also put pressure on the production economy. Employment at the plant thus peaked at about 600 in this decade,〔Eva-Marie Tveit:'Et mykere verk' (softer plant ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p127.〕 before ferrochrome production was discontinued on the old production line in 1979 and on the new in 1983.〔Jørund Falnes:'De lunefulle ovnene' (capricious furnaces ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p94-95.〕 Ferrosilicon production was prioritised to comply with environmental standards, furnaces were rebuilt to a closed type, making it possible to recycle excess heat in a steam turbine and to remove all dust from the discharge fumes. The dust, silica slurry, was found to be a saleable product.〔Jørund Falnes:'De lunefulle ovnene' (capricious furnaces ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p96.〕 The 1970s saw the entrance of women into production positions at the plant. Before this, the female population of Ålvik was mostly engaged in housekeeping, although some positions were open to women in cleaning and clerk jobs, besides public services. The first women begun work in the packing facilities, and relatively few took positions at the furnaces.〔Eva-Marie Tveit:'Et mykere verk' (softer plant ) in (Fossåskaret and Storås), p124-25.〕 In 2001, the owner, Elkem decided to lay off 100 of 245 workers at Bjølvefossen A/S. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ålvik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.