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(unicode:Ç, ç) (c-cedilla) is a Latin script letter, used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, French, Ligurian, Portuguese, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish and Zazaki alphabets. Romance languages that use this letter include Catalan, French, Friulian, Occitan and Portuguese as a variant of the letter ''C''. It is also occasionally used in Crimean Tatar and Manx. It is often retained in the spelling of loanwords from any of these languages in English, Dutch, Spanish, Basque and other Latin script spelled languages. It was first used for the sound of the voiceless alveolar affricate in Old Spanish and stems from the Visigothic form of the letter ''z'' (''Ꝣ''). This phoneme originated in Vulgar Latin from the palatalization of the plosives and in some conditions. Later, changed into in many Romance languages and dialects. Spanish has not used this symbol since an orthographic reform in the 18th century (which replaced ''ç'' with the now-devoiced ''z''), but it was adopted for writing other languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, ''ç'' represents the voiceless palatal fricative. ==Usage as a letter variant in various languages== It represents the "soft" sound where a ''c'' would normally represent the "hard" sound (before ''a'', ''o'', ''u'', or at the end of a word), in the following languages: *Catalan. Known as ''ce trencada'' (that is, "broken C") in this language, where it can be used before ''a'', ''o'', ''u'', or at the end of a word. Some examples of words with ''ç'' are: ''amenaça'' "menace", ''torçat'' "twisted", ''xoriço'' "chorizo", ''forçut'' "strong", ''dolç'' "sweet", ''caça'' "hunting". A well-known word with this character is ''Barça'', a common Catalan diminutive for FC Barcelona, also used across the world, including the Spanish-language media. *French (''cé cédille''). Examples: ''français'' "French", ''garçon'' "boy", ''façade'' "frontage", ''grinçant'' "squeaking", ''leçon'' "lesson", ''reçu'' "received" (past participle). French uses this character at the beginning of a word (''ça'' "that")〔The French Academy online (dictionary ) also gives ''çà'' and ''çûdra''.〕 or in the middle of a word, but never at the end. *Friulian (''c cun cedilie''). It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate before ''a'', ''o'', ''u'' or at the end of a word. *Occitan (''ce cedilha''). Examples: ''torçut'' "twisted", ''çò'' "this", ''ça que la'' "nevertheless", ''braç'' "arm", ''brèç'' "cradle", ''voraç'' "voracious". *Portuguese (''cê cedilhado'' or ''cê-cedilha''). Denotes unvoiced before ''a'', ''o'', or ''u''. Examples: ''taça'' "cup", ''braço'' "arm", ''açúcar'' "sugar", ''coração'' "heart", ''pinça'' "pincers", ''maçã'' "apple", ''abraço "hug"''. Modern Portuguese never uses this character at the beginning or at the end of a word (e.g. the nickname for ''Conceição'' is ''São'', not ''Ção''), nor before ''e'' or ''i'' (in this case, ''c'' denotes the unvoiced ). Handwritten Portuguese texts most often feature cedillas as comma-like or 90° rotated tildes. *In Manx, it is used in the digraph ''çh'', pronounced , to differentiate it from normal ''ch'', pronounced . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ç」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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