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|common_name = Czechoslovakia |continent = Europe |region = Central Europe |life_span = 1918–1939 1945–1992 |p1 = Austria-Hungary |flag_p1 = Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918.svg |p2 = Kingdom of Bohemia |flag_p2 = Flag of Bohemia.svg |s1 = Zakarpattia Oblast |flag_s1 = Flag of Ukrainian SSR (1937-1949).svg |s2 = Czech Republic |flag_s2 = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg |s3 = Slovakia |flag_s3 = Flag of Slovakia.svg |image_flag = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg |flag = Flag of Czechoslovakia |flag_type = Flag since 1920 |flag_border = Flag of Czechoslovakia |image_coat = Coat of arms of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.svg |symbol = Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia |symbol_type = Coat of arms (1990–1992) |image_map = Czechoslovakia location map.svg |image_map_caption = Location and extent of Czechoslovakia in Europe before and after World War II. |latd=50 |latm=05 |latNS=N |longd=14 |longm=28 |longEW=E |national_motto = |national_anthem = }}center |capital = Prague (''Praha'') | demonym = Czechoslovak |common_languages = CzechSlovakGermanYiddish |government_type = Republic |title_leader = President |leader1 = Tomáš G. Masaryk |year_leader1 = 1918–1935 (first) |leader2 = Edvard Beneš |year_leader2 = |leader3 = Emil Hácha |year_leader3 = 1938–1939 |leader4 = Václav Havel |year_leader4 = 1989–1992 (last) |title_deputy = Prime Minister |deputy1 = Karel Kramář |year_deputy1 = 1918–1919 (first) |deputy2 = Jan Stráský |year_deputy2 = 1992 (last) |era = 20th century |event_start = Independence |date_start = 28 October |year_start = 1918 |event1 = German occupation |date_event1 = 1939 |event2 = Liberation |date_event2 = 9 May 1945 |event3 = Coup d'etat |date_event3 = 25 February 1948 |event4 = Velvet Revolution |date_event4 = Nov–Dec 1989 |event_end = Dissolution |date_end = 31 December |year_end = 1992 |stat_year1 = 1921 |stat_area1 = 140446 |stat_pop1 = 13607385 |stat_year2 = 1992 |stat_area2 = 127900 |stat_pop2 = 15600000 |cctld = .cs |calling_code = 42 |currency = Czechoslovak koruna |footnotes = Calling code +42 was retired in the winter of 1997. The number range was subdivided and re-allocated amongst the Czech Republic (420), Slovakia (421), and Liechtenstein. |footnotes2 = Current ISO 3166-3 code is "CSHH". |today = }} Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and (スロバキア語:Československo), ''Česko-Slovensko'')〔(:ˈtʃɛskoslovɛnsko), (:ˈtʃeskosloʋensko).〕 was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993. From 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not ''de facto'' exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate. On 29 June 1945, a treaty was signed between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, ceding Carpatho-Ukraine to the USSR. From 1948 to 1990 Czechoslovakia was part of the Marxist–Leninist Warsaw Pact, which was formed in May 1955, and had a command or planned economy. A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when several other Warsaw Pact countries invaded. In 1989, as Marxist–Leninist governments and communism were ending all over Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation. A few years afterwards, in 1993 the country was separated into two sovereign states, again peacefully. == Basic characteristics == ;Form of state * 1918–1938: A democratic republic. * 1938–1939: After annexation of Sudetenland by Germany in 1938, the region gradually turned into a state with loosened connections among the Czech, Slovak, and Ruthenian parts. A large strip of southern Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine was annexed by Hungary, and the Zaolzie region was annexed by Poland. * 1939–1945: The region split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic. A government-in-exile continued to exist in London, supported by the United Kingdom, United States and its Allies; after the German invasion of Russia, it was also recognised by the USSR. Czechoslovakia adhered to the Declaration by United Nations and was a founding member of the United Nations. * 1946–1948: The country was governed by a coalition government with communist ministers, including the prime minister and the minister of interior. Carpathian Ruthenia was ceded to the USSR. * 1948–1989: The country became a communist state with a centrally planned economy. In 1960, the country officially became a socialist republic. * 1969–1990: The federal republic consisted of the ''Czech Socialist Republic'' and the ''Slovak Socialist Republic''. * 1990–1992: The federal democratic republic consisted of the ''Czech Republic'' and the ''Slovak Republic''. ;Neighbours * Austria 1918–1938, 1945–1992 * Germany (Both predecessors, West Germany and East Germany, were neighbours between 1949 and 1990.) * Hungary * Poland * Romania 1918–1938 * Soviet Union 1945–1991 * Ukraine 1991–1992 ;Topography The country was of generally irregular terrain. The western area was part of the north-central European uplands. The eastern region was composed of the northern reaches of the Carpathian Mountains and lands of the Danube River basin. ;Climate The weather is mild winters and mild summers. Influenced by the Atlantic ocean from the west, Baltic Sea from the north, and Mediterranean Sea from the south. There is no continental weather. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Czechoslovakia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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