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The grapheme Ě, ě (E with caron) is used in Czech, Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian alphabets. The letter ě is a vestige of Old-Czech palatalization. The originally palatalizing phoneme /ě/ became extinct, changing to or , but it is preserved as a grapheme. This letter never appears in the initial position, and its pronunciation depends on the preceding consonant: * ''Dě, tě, ně'' is written instead of ďe, ťe, ňe (analogously to di, ti, ni). * ''Bě, pě, vě, fě'' is written instead of ''bje, pje, vje, fje''. But in some words (''vjezd'', entry, drive-in, ''objem'', volume), ''bje, vje'' is written because ''–je-'' is part of the etymological root of the word, preceded by the prefix ''v-'' or ''ob-''. * ''Mě'' is written instead of ''mňe''. For etymological reasons, ''mně'' is written in some words (''jemný'', soft -> ''jemně'', softly). The grapheme is also use in Croatian to detonate a jat (''něsam, věra, lěpo, pověst, tělo...'') and could be pronounce depending on specific reflex : Ekavian (''nisam, vera, lepo, povest, telo...''), Ikavian (''nisam, vira, lipo, povist, tilo...''), Jekavian (''njesam, vjera, ljepo, povjest, tjelo...'') or Ijekavian ("nijesam, vijera, lijepo, povijest, tijelo..."). Historically its use was very wide spread, today it is only found in scientific and historically accurate literature. Pinyin uses this ĕ (e caron), not the e breve, to indicate the third tone of Mandarin Chinese. ==See also== *Czech orthography *Czech phonology 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ě」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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