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Šandabakku
The office of šandabakku, inscribed (LÚGÚ.EN.NA)〔Lexical lists such as IM 77106, 12 N 129 OIP 122 text 119, obv.4.〕 or sometimes as (GÁ.DUB.BA.A EN.LÍLKI), the latter designation perhaps meaning "archivist of (the god) Enlil," was the name of the position of governor of the Mesopotamian city of Nippur from the Kassite period (mid second millennium BC) onward. Enlil, as the tutelary deity of Nippur, had been elevated in prominence and was shown special veneration by the Kassite monarchs, it being the most common theophoric element in their names. This caused the position of the ''šandabakku'' to become very prestigious and the holders of the office seem to have wielded influence second only to the king.
==The office==
The term ''šandabakku'' first appears in texts from Mari, where it seems to represent a high-ranking administrative official, but it is not until the Kassite period that it became synonymous with the city of Nippur. Nippur had been depopulated sometime towards the end of the reign of Samsu-iluna (ca. 1686–1648 BC, short chronology) and remained abandoned until the end of the fifteenth century when the Kassites began a program of restoration of cultic centers. The earliest inscriptions of this restoration belong to Kurigalzu I.
The office may be related in some manner to that of the ''nišakku'' (, LÚNU.ÈŠ) of Enlil, probably the senior priestly or dignitary position of the Ekur. Whether the post was held concurrently with that of the ''šandabakku'' or at some, perhaps, earlier stage in the career of the prospective governor has yet to be determined but it is clear that Enlil-kidinni and his immediate successors all held both offices and Amil-Marduk and Enlil-šuma-imbī were similarly honored. Only during the reign of Nazi-Maruttaš, were they held by separate individuals, with Nūr-Delebat and his son Ninurta-rēṣušu assuming the ''nišakku''-priest position, the latter of whom naming Enlil-kidinni’s father Enlil-bānī and Amīlatum as ancestors, on his clay quadrangular prism,〔BM 92699, votive prism.〕 a votive dedication to the storm-god Adad.
The most prominent of the ''šandabakku'' officials were Enlil-kidinni, who corresponded〔Tablet CBS 19796, BE XVII no. 91.〕 and exchanged gifts with the Assyrian crown prince Enlil-nirari,〔 note 44.〕 if his name has been correctly restored, and Amil-Marduk around a hundred years later, under whose rule Nippur experienced significant restoration work undertaken by servile laborers whose purchase documents and ration lists make up much of the so-called “governor's library.” In the later Achaemenid period, from the reign of Xerxes I the title was replaced by that of the ''paqdu''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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