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Halukka
The ''halukka'' or ''chalukah'' ((ヘブライ語:חלוקה)) was an organized collection and distribution of charity funds for Jewish residents of the Holy Land.
==General method of operation==
Sympathizing Jews in a diaspora city or district would form a standing committee, presided over by a ''gabbai'', to supervise collections and to remit funds semiannually to the managers of the ''halukkah'', located in Jerusalem. The ''halukkahs policy was to divide funds in equally in thirds: One-third was distributed to yeshiva scholars; One-third was distributed to poor widows and orphans, and for temporary relief to helpless men, and; One-third was used to defray Jewish community expenses. The distributions were made semiannually, before the Passover and the New-Year festivals.
The Jerusalem management would send representatives (sing. "''meshulach''", Heb. משולח; pl. "''meshulachim''", Heb. משולחים) on fund-raising missions throughout the Levant, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and England, with occasional visits to Russia, Poland, and America.
One ubiquitous and passive method of fund-raising was the institution of the household and synagogue 'charity-box', an innovation variously attributed to either Rabbi Meir Ba'al ha-Nes〔Some opinions hold that this Rabbi Meir, contrary to the popular notion, may not be Rabbi Meir the Tanna, but Rabbi Meir ha-Qatzin ("the chief"), whom Rabbi Jacob of Paris, in describing his tomb at Tiberias, called "Ba'al ha-Neis."〕, or to late seventeenth century ''meshulachim''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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