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‘Aql ((アラビア語:عقل), meaning "intellect"), is an Arabic language term used in Islamic philosophy or theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul or mind. It is the normal translation of the Greek term ''nous''. In jurisprudence, it is associated with using reason as a source for ''sharia'' "religious law" and has been translated as "dialectical reasoning". While predominantly expounded by Shī‘ī and Sufi thinkers, some Sunni Muslims such as Barelvis share similar beliefs. == Shī‘ī Legal Implementation == In Shī‘ī jurisprudence, ‘aql is the process of using intellect or logic to deduce law. Legal scholars in both Sunni and Shī‘ī Islamic traditions share Quranic interpretation, the ''Sunnah'', and ''Ijma‘'' "consensus" as sources of Islamic law and judicial decisions (''ḥukm''). However, Twelvers of the Ja‘farī school of law utilize ‘aql whereas Sunnis use ''qiyas'' "analogical reasoning" as the fourth source of law. Among Twelvers, Akhbārīs (associated with exotericism and traditionalism and theological schools in Qom) and Usulis (associated with esotericism and rationalism and theological schools in Baghdad) were contending subschools: the former reject ''ijtihād'' outright; the latter advocate ''ijtihad'' and have been predominant for the last 300 years.〔 In Shī‘ī Islam, "the gates of ''ijtihād''" were never closed and with the use of ‘aql, Shī‘ī ''mujtahid''s "practitioner of ''ijtihād''" and ''faqīh''s "legal specialists" are able to respond as issues arise that were not explicitly dealt with in the Qur'an or Sunnah. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「'Aql」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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