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voltage
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voltage : FOLDOC
voltage
(Or "potential difference", "electro-motive force" (EMF)) A quantity measured as a signed difference between two points in an electrical circuit which, when divided by the {resistance} in {Ohms} between those points, gives the current flowing between those points in {Amperes}, according to {Ohm's Law}. Voltage is expressed as a signed number of Volts (V). The voltage gradient in Volts per metre is proportional to the force on a charge.
Voltages are often given relative to "earth" or "ground" which is taken to be at zero Volts. A circuit's earth may or may not be electrically connected to the actual earth.
The voltage between two points is also given by the charge present between those points in {Coulombs} divided by the {capacitance} in {Farads}. The capacitance in turn depends on the {dielectric constant} of the insulators present.
Yet another law gives the voltage across a piece of circuit as its {inductance} in {Henries} multiplied by the rate of change of current flow through it


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