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===================================== 〔語彙分解〕的な部分一致の検索結果は以下の通りです。 ・ 哲学 ： [てつがく] 【名詞】 1. philosophy ・ 学 ： [がく] 【名詞】 1. learning 2. scholarship 3. erudition 4. knowledge ・ 概要 ： [がいよう] 1.outline 2. summary 3. synopsis 4. profile ・ 要 ： [かなめ] 【名詞】 1. pivot 2. vital point
以下の概要は哲学の概観、あるいは哲学の話題の手引きである。: 哲学 – 存在、知識、理性、心、言語といった物に関わる普遍的・根本的な問題の研究〔Jenny Teichmann and Katherine C. Evans, ''Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide'' (Blackwell Publishing, 1999), p. 1: "Philosophy is a study of problems which are ultimate, abstract and very general. These problems are concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, morality, reason and human purpose."〕〔A.C. Grayling, ''Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject'' (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: "The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value."〕。哲学は批判的で、一般的には体系だったアプローチをとり、合理的議論に頼る点で根本的な問題に対する(神秘主義、神話、芸術のような)他の取り組み方とは区別される〔Anthony Quinton, in T. Honderich (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'' (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 666: "Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved."〕。「Philosophy」という言葉はギリシア語で「知を愛すること」を意味する「φιλοσοφία」に由来する〔Philosophia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus 〕〔Online Etymology Dictionary 〕〔The definition of philosophy is: "1.orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2.theory or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe". 〕。 ==哲学の中核的な領域== 哲学の中核的な領域は: * 美学 – 美、芸術、味の性質と、美の創造および美の評価に関する研究 * 認識論 – 知識と信念の性質・射程の研究 * 倫理学 – 道徳、善、価値ある者の研究。応用倫理学の研究を含む。 * 論理学 – 主張の妥当性の評価や主張に含まれる誤謬の記述によるよい推論の研究 * 形而上学 – 存在の状態と真実性の性質に関する研究 * 存在論 – 存在や実在に関する研究 * 社会哲学 – 社会的行動に関係する問題の研究 * 政治哲学 – 政治的な価値になる概念の研究 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「哲学の概要」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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